Customizing laravel 11 kernel

To customize middleware in Laravel 11:

1. Open the `bootstrap/app.php` file.

2. Use the `withMiddleware()` method to configure middleware:

php
return Application::configure()
    // ...
    ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
        // Customize middleware here
    })
    // ...
    ->create();

3. Inside the closure passed to `withMiddleware()`, you can customize middleware using the following methods[2][3]:

- `redirectGuestsTo()`: Customize where guests are redirected
- `redirectTo()`: Customize where users and guests are redirected
- `encryptCookies()`: Exclude cookies from being encrypted
- `validateCsrfTokens()`: Exclude routes from CSRF protection
- `validateSignatures()`: Exclude routes from URL signature validation
- `convertEmptyStringsToNull()`: Prevent converting empty strings in requests
- `trimStrings()`: Prevent string trimming in requests

For example, to exclude some routes from CSRF protection:

php
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
    $middleware->validateCsrfTokens(except: [
        '/foo/*',
        '/bar',
    ]);
})

4. You can also add your own custom middleware by appending it to the `web` middleware group[3]:

php
$middleware->web(append: \App\Http\Middleware\ExampleMiddleware::class);

So in summary, middleware customization in Laravel 11 is now done in `bootstrap/app.php` using the `withMiddleware()` method, rather than in the `Kernel.php` file. This provides a more centralized and streamlined approach to configuring middleware.