To ensure that a certificate chain is valid and trusted, DeepSeek, or any similar system, would likely follow a process similar to what is described for SSL/TLS certificate verification. This process involves several key steps:
1. Certificate Presentation: When a user or system connects to a server, the server presents its SSL/TLS certificate. This certificate contains the server's public key, domain name, issuer information, and expiration date.
2. Certificate Validation: The client (e.g., a web browser) checks the certificate for validity, ensuring it has not expired and is issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). The client verifies the digital signature of the certificate using the public key of the CA that issued it.
3. Certificate Chain Verification: The client checks the certificate chain to ensure that each certificate in the chain is valid and properly signed. This involves verifying the digital signature of each intermediate CA certificate using the public key of the CA above it in the chain. The chain must ultimately lead to a trusted root CA, which is stored in the client's trust store.
4. Revocation Checks: The client checks if any certificate in the chain has been revoked by consulting a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) or using the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP).
5. Trust Store Verification: The client ensures that the root CA is present in its trust store. If the root CA is trusted, the entire chain is considered trustworthy.
6. Encryption Negotiation: Once the certificate chain is validated, the client and server negotiate an encryption algorithm and establish a secure connection using protocols like Transport Layer Security (TLS).
DeepSeek, being an AI-related system, might not directly handle certificate chains itself but would likely rely on underlying infrastructure or libraries that perform these checks. For instance, if DeepSeek uses web services or APIs, these services would typically handle certificate verification as part of establishing secure connections.
In summary, ensuring a certificate chain is valid and trusted involves verifying each certificate's digital signature, checking for revocation, and confirming that the chain leads to a trusted root CA. This process is crucial for maintaining secure and trusted communications over the internet.
Citations:
[1] https://apidog.com/blog/ssl-certificate-verification/
[2] https://venafi.com/blog/how-do-certificate-chains-work/
[3] https://www.sectigo.com/resource-library/what-is-the-ssl-certificate-chain-of-trust
[4] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75110981/sslerror-httpsconnectionpoolhost-huggingface-co-port-443-max-retries-exce
[5] https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19424-01/820-4811/gdzea/index.html
[6] https://www.accuknox.com/blog/security-risks-deepseek-r1-modelknox
[7] https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama/issues/823
[8] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/directshow/validating-the-certificate-chain
[9] https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/37409/certificate-chain-checking